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	<id>https://wiki.esonto.de/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Scanning_electron_microscopy_%28SEM%29</id>
	<title>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-19T08:44:16Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.esonto.de/index.php?title=Scanning_electron_microscopy_(SEM)&amp;diff=147&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ESO wikiadmin: Created page with &quot;{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; |+ !Materials |- |&#039;&#039;&#039;Fixation buffer&#039;&#039;&#039;: 3% Formaldehyde, 2% Glutardialdehyde, 10 mM CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 10 mM MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 90 mM Sucrose in 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.2 |- |&#039;&#039;&#039;Washing Buffer&#039;&#039;&#039;: 10 mM CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 10 mM MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 90 mM Sucrose in 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.2 |- |&#039;&#039;&#039;HEPES buffer:&#039;&#039;&#039; 100 mM, pH 7.2 |- |&#039;&#039;&#039;Graded ethanol series:&#039;&#039;&#039; 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 100% ethanol p.a. |}  === Procedure: === &#039;&#039;&#039;1A. &#039;&#039;Organs&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; of infected animals are...&quot;</title>
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		<updated>2025-05-20T08:54:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; |+ !Materials |- |&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fixation buffer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: 3% Formaldehyde, 2% Glutardialdehyde, 10 mM CaCl&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, 10 mM MgCl&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, 90 mM Sucrose in 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.2 |- |&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Washing Buffer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: 10 mM CaCl&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, 10 mM MgCl&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, 90 mM Sucrose in 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.2 |- |&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;HEPES buffer:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 100 mM, pH 7.2 |- |&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Graded ethanol series:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 100% ethanol p.a. |}  === Procedure: === &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1A. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Organs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; of infected animals are...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Materials&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fixation buffer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: 3% Formaldehyde, 2% Glutardialdehyde, 10 mM CaCl&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, 10 mM MgCl&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, 90 mM Sucrose in 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Washing Buffer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: 10 mM CaCl&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, 10 mM MgCl&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, 90 mM Sucrose in 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;HEPES buffer:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 100 mM, pH 7.2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Graded ethanol series:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 100% ethanol p.a.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Procedure: ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1A. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Organs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; of infected animals are excised, washed with PBS, and incubated in cold fixation buffer over night at 4°C. (Time depends on size and texture of tissue)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1B. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Isolated cells&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; grown on glass coverslips are fixed by gentle pipetting of 1 ml of cold fixation buffer directly onto the side of the coverslip, thereby slowly pushing the cell culture medium up, creating a layer of fixative underneath the cell culture medium. Do not mix at this point ! Incubate for 5 min at RT, then aspirate medium and fixative and add 1 ml of fresh fixation buffer for at least 30 min at RT. Samples can be stored before further processing in fixative at 4°C.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;(Note: Used fixation buffer should be collected in a separate waste bottle!)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  Fixed samples are washed 3 times with washing buffer (3 x 10 min)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Optional: 1% OsO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; in dH2O for 60 min at 4°C&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Samples are washed 3 times in 100 mM HEPES pH 7.2 (3 x 10 min).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3.  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Dehydration in a graded series of ethanol:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30% ethanol 4°C, 7 min&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50% ethanol 4°C, 10 min&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
70% ethanol 4°C, 10 min &amp;#039;&amp;#039;(storage overnight at 4°C is possible at this step)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
80% ethanol RT, 10 min&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
90% ethanol RT, 10 min 3x100% ethanol RT, 10 min&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;(For tissues use 60 min incubation times)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;4.  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; After critical point drying from liquid CO2, samples are sputter-coated with 5 nm gold-palladium in a BAL-TEC SCD 030 and examined at 15 kV accelerating voltage in a Zeiss Auriga or Zeiss Evo scanning electron microscope using the secondary electron detector.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After critical point drying from liquid CO2, 8 Zyklen a 10 min, Enddruck: xx bar@ 44°C, samples are sputter-coated with 6 nm Pt and examined at 15 kV accelerating voltage in a Zeiss Auriga or Zeiss Evo scanning electron microscope using the secondary electron detector.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ESO wikiadmin</name></author>
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